Introduction
Niacin, also known as vitamin B3 or nitocinic acid amide, was discovered more or less by accident during the oxidation of nicotine. This happened in 1867, but it was not until many years later, in 1934, that scientists recognized its extraordinary physiological effectiveness.
The vitamin is present in all cells of the body but is stored in the liver. The daily requirement depends on individual energy consumption. As a rule of thumb, women need around 13 to 15 milligrams per day and men around 15 to 20 milligrams.
Niacinamide is found in many foods, but the body can generally utilize the amount found in animal products better. Fish, poultry, game, eggs, liver, whole grain products, mushrooms, and wheat bran are particularly rich in niacinamide.
Important for metabolism and regeneration: niacinamide
It has an antioxidant effect and is involved in the metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. It is essential for the rapid and gentle regeneration of skin, muscles, nerves, and DNA. Deficiency symptoms can have unpleasant consequences.
These include, for example, inflammatory skin changes (dermatitis), depression, diarrhea, and inflammation of the mucous membranes of the mouth and gastrointestinal tract. However, niacinamide is also one of the few nutrients that can be dangerous in the worst case if taken in excessive doses.
Possible side effects include a drop in blood pressure, dizziness and an increase in uric acid levels in the blood, the severity of which varies depending on individual sensitivity. In isolated cases, a skin-vasodilating effect known as “flushing” may occur, accompanied by a feeling of warmth and redness. Important: These side effects usually only occur in cases of very severe overdose.
This would require ingesting at least 500 milligrams through food or dietary supplements, which is highly unlikely. Therefore, there is no need to worry about accidental overdose. Slightly exceeding the recommended amount usually has no effect.
Niacinamide profile
Alternative names: pyridine-3-carboxylic acid, PP factor, vitamin B3, nicotinic acid, niacin
CAS number: 59-67-6
Properties: colorless crystals
Melting point: 236.6 °C
Solubility: soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol and oil
Physiological function: component of the coenzymes NADH and NADPH.
Molecular formula: C₆H₅NO₂
Properties: stable when exposed to heat and light
Vitamin B3 in cosmetics
Niacinamide plays an important role in cosmetics because it performs several important functions. For example, it helps strengthen the skin barrier, reduces unwanted hyperpigmentation, improves the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and has anti-inflammatory properties. A good, high-quality cosmetic product should contain up to 5% niacinamide. However, we have also developed powerful serums with up to 15% niacinamide.
At this concentration, the vitamin is able to effectively and sustainably reduce the signs of dry skin. Interestingly, skincare products containing niacinamide also have an anti-wrinkle effect, as its use stimulates collagen production, which is particularly beneficial for mature skin. Younger skin that is prone to pimples and blemishes can also benefit from this vitamin.
Finally, it reduces excessive sebum production and prevents inflammation. Niacinamide is generally very well tolerated and is also suitable for sensitive skin. The vitamin is an effective prevention against skin aging. Its success has been scientifically proven in several studies.
It is mainly used in products with a high water content, such as fluids, serums, and facial toners. It is not only found in skincare products for acne and oily skin or in anti-aging products, but also in numerous sunscreen products, such as after-sun sprays.
But niacinamide is also extremely important for the hair. It can improve blood circulation in the scalp, ensuring that significantly more oxygen and nutrients are supplied. There are even theories that the vitamin can counteract hair loss in this way.
In addition, the legislator has stipulated that niacinamide may be officially included in dietary supplements.
Evidence of the effectiveness of niacinamide
- In an in vivo study, a facial cream containing 5% niacinamide reduced fine lines and wrinkles as well as red spots and hyperpigmentation.
(D. L. Bisset et al., International Journal of Cosmetic Science, Volume 26, pp. 231–238, 2004).
- Vitamin B3 increases the synthesis of ceramides in the uppermost layer of the skin (in vitro, tested on cell cultures with keratinocytes).
(O. Tanno et al., British Journal of Dermatology 143, pp. 524–531; 2000).
- A cream containing 2% niacinamide reduces sebum production compared to a placebo.
(In vivo test, published by Z. D. Draelos et al., Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 8, pp. 96–101; 2006).
Conclusion: Niacinamide as an energy booster
Without an adequate supply of niacinamide, the human body would suffer from numerous deficiency symptoms. The vitamin has also long been indispensable in cosmetics, as it improves the appearance of the skin, reduces lines and wrinkles, and can be used to treat acne.
Hair care products containing niacinamide ensure that hair appears healthier and stronger. Side effects are only to be expected in cases of extremely high overdoses, but these could be unpleasant under certain circumstances. It is not possible to overdose on niacinamide through diet or the use of cosmetic products alone. The only conceivable scenario would be the misuse of dietary supplements.
Overall, niacinamide is a very valuable ingredient with no disadvantages and is one of the classic active ingredients in cosmetics.
We use the active ingredient niacinamide described above in our high-quality private label products, which meet the highest standards of effectiveness, skin compatibility, and innovation. We combine proven ingredients with modern biotechnological developments to create tailor-made formulations that meet the individual needs of your target group. Our focus is on quality, transparency, and the optimal synergy of all ingredients—for visible results and a compelling brand experience.
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Vitamins; Hans K. Biesalski, Jürgen Schrezenmeir, Peter Weber, Hubert E. Weiß, Thieme-Verlag
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